Necessity of Continuous monitoring in WTPs

The continuous monitoring of water quality in surface water channels can save a lot of money and prevent degradation of public health.If any large scale change in water quality due to contamination by biological or chemical waste in the channel remains undetected, then the same level of dozing may not purify the water as desired.Again,when impurity is far less than expected, continuous monitoring can prevent over-dozing of chemicals and prevent wastage of same in the WTPs.

Utility of Backyard Ponds

A small area of water body in your backyard can earn you income from three ways : 'selling fish','selling water floras' and 'pond wastes'(which are a good source of fertilizers). Besides these economic benefits,environmental benefits of backyard ponds are immense(rainwater conservation,erosion prevention etc.).

Link between recycling of plastics and carbon credit

Take the plastic cups.Put some seeds of pea plants and place it near the window.Paint the cup according to your wish.Nurture it with water.If you can create ten such cups in your home you will achieve two of the major objectives that the city planners are encouraging the citizens to make a habit of :

1.Recycling of Plastics;2.Earning Carbon Credits.

Call for Paper(Journal & Conferences)

Date of Conference : October 22-25, 2013 in Paris,

The 7th IWA Specialist Conference on efficient use and management of water is jointly organized by Association Scientifique et Technique Pour l'Eau et l'Environnement (ASTEE) and International Water Association. 

Themes include : Policies & Legislation,Planning & implementation,Best management practices,Non revenue water, leakage and pressure management,Alternative Water Supply and Waste water Treatment/Disposal, Climate change and drought adaptation,Water and energy nexus,Efficiency in the waste water sector, Efficiency in the agriculture sector and Public involvement.

The most-cited paper in the Environment & Ecology field

According to Science Watch(Reuters) the most-cited paper in the Environment & Ecology field over the past decade(1998-2008) is

"Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities" (Myers N, et al., Nature 403[6772]: 853-8, 24 February 2000), with 1,810 total cites.

The paper help to identify 25 areas of specific interest for conservation of a variety of endangered species.

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Some words about modeling with Neural Network

In ANN modeling a graph having input nodes connected to one single output node is developed. Each connections to the output node will have its own weight assigned to it randomly.

At the output node all the weighted input nodes are summed up and activated or magnified with the help of Activation Functions.

The Activation Functions can be of many types like Step,Ramp,Hypertan,Sinusoidal,Sigmoidal etc.

After being activated the output is compared with the desired output(Supervised NN) or the median/mean or any other measures of a set of attributes(for making clusters;Unsupervised NN).

If the output from the model is satisfactory with the objective of the model, then the model is said to be learning and if not, the weightage of the connections are changed and the entire process is repeated.

This changing of the weightage is known as Training of the network and is conducted by various methods but mainly by Conjugate Gradient Descent, Back Propagation and/or Quick Propagation and/or by some special algorithms like Levenberg Marquadart.